Information System and Information Technology
Information technology (IT) relates to the technology people
use to proceed the information and support the information requirement by the
organization. On the other hand, the Information System is more on systematic
perspective, where data are collected, proceeded, stored, analyzed and
disseminated into quality information for a specific purpose.
The fundamental factor for an information system is the
procedure to transfer data to information and allow the informed users to
obtain knowledge from it. The data item is the elementary description of
things, events, activities and transactions that are recorded, classified and
stored. It does not present any specific meaning, since it is simply the facts
or evidence. Once data is collected, it must be translated into information,
where these facts will be organized to generated meaning and value to the
recipient. At last, users gain knowledge base on the combination of data and
information, which are organized and processed to convey understanding,
experience or expertise for the recipient. For a computer-based information
system, all these procedures are completed through computer technology. The
four fundamental components for the CBIS are software, hardware, database and
network. Hence the system will utilize these components to produce the desired
information output. IT personnel perform IT services use the IT components, and
these three elements comprise the IT infrastructure in the business.
In a organization, there are many different type of
information systems. For example: the functional area IS supports the
activities within the specific functional area; the Transaction-processing
system processes transaction data from business events; the enterprise resource
planning system integrates all functional areas of the organization are
cross-functional system that used to communicate with FAIS;
Inter-organizational information systems connect two or more organizations,
where the electronic commerce is part of this system. In addition, there are
plenty of information systems are designed to assist employee’s productivity.
For instance, the office automation systems support daily work activities of
individuals and groups; the business intelligence system provide computer-based
support for complex decisions; the expert systems attempt to duplicate the work
of human expert to make decisions in particular areas; and dashboards are often
adopted to assist the managements of the organization, which provides timely
information and direct access to structured reports.
Although the application of the information system brings
more opportunities to the organization, it also disrupts the business by
eliminating jobs. Due to a large proportion of jobs are carried out through the
system. So the company should be aware of this situation and implement the
system efficiently.
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